Ecovillage Projects in Vietnam
By Diana Leafe Christian / (March, 2011)
Since the early 1990s the government of Vietnam has set up small ecovillage projects in that country’s poorer, ecologically vulnerable rural areas — barren coastal sandy areas along the Central Coast, and three different habitats (coastal dunes, wetland areas, and mountainous areas) — in the floodplains of the North Delta. The projects are developed and managed by Vietnam’s Institute of Ecological Economy, and its Institute for Strategy and Policy on Natural Resources and Environment — both programs of the country’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE).
The Institutes developed and teach two permaculture-like strategies for ecological restoration and economic development in rural areas: an integrated garden/fishpond/livestock (VAC) plan for coastal dunes and floodplain areas, and an integrated garden/forest/fishpond/forest (VACR) plan for mountain areas. Government funding for these projects was sometimes supplemented by grants from other countries, including Sweden and France.
Some examples:
(2) From 1996-1998 an ecovillage project was built on 99 ha (245 acres) of sloping, highly eroded hilly terrain near Ba Vi in Ha Tay province. Among the residents were 90 recently arrived households of Dzao people, an indigenous tribe who’d practiced slash and burn agriculture in another area. People were taught how to create terraced fields on contour, plant stands of trees to prevent soil erosion, improve soil quality, plant fruit trees, and dig fish ponds. Medical clinics and kindergartens were also built.
(3) In 1997-1998, 20 households of shrimp fishermen in Tinh Gia, a coastal wetland area in Thanh Hoa province, were taught to replant 20 ha (49 acres) of mangrove forest to induce the return of the native shrimp population.
(4) In 2007-2009 on 9.7 ha (24 acres) in the floodplains of Y Yen, in Nam Dinh province, 27 households were taught how to integrate fish breeding in ponds with vegetable gardens and fruit-tree orchards — again, with more and better food for the residents.
There are from 19 ecovillage projects total in Vietnam.
GEN describes three kinds of ecovillages — intentional community-style ecovillages, sustainability educational centers, and traditional indigenous villages which become ecovillages. The Vietnamese projects may be a new, fourth kind of ecovillage. First, they are community-participation projects in partnership with government agencies and overseas nonprofits to train people in already-existing settlements to restore ecological balance and improve their economic situation, and second, doing this with Vietnam’s unique integrated garden/forest/fishpond/forest (VACR) mixed farming system.
Vietnamese ecovillage projects were celebrated at an international symposium, “Green Economic Corridor and Ecovillage Development,” hosted in August, 2010 by National Economics University (NEU) in Hanoi and sponsored by Global Environment Project in Asia (GEPA). GEPA is a project of the Institute of Economic Research at Chuo University in Tokyo.
Learning about Vietnamese ecovillages has been quite moving for me personally. There’s a special place in my heart for Vietnam, as I was one of thousands of Americans who was against the Vietnam War back in the 1970s. I felt so badly that it went on for so long and we couldn’t stop it, and for the resulting horrible destruction in Vietnam (and, I think, damage to the collective soul of my whole generation). I first learned about Vietnamese ecovillage projects in 2007 from Professor Toshio Ogata of Chuo University’s Institute of Economic Research and founder/director of GEPA. I was visiting him on his rooftop garden in Kamakura after I’d spoken at the second Japanese Ecovillage Conference. He told me how he organizes groups of students from Chuo University and and Laos University to visit Vietnamese ecovillages and help plant “Friendship Forests” in areas along the former Ho Chi Minh Trail damaged by the US military’s defoliation tactics. When he told me about this project I broke down and cried.
So it was a great honor when Professor Ogata asked me to present a paper at the August 2010 International Symposium on Vietnamese ecovillages. While I couldn’t attend the Symposium because of a schedule conflict, my paper (on how people start intentional community-style ecovillages in the Industrialized North) will still be included in the book about Vietnamese ecovillages that Professor Ogata is compiling and editing from Symposium papers. It will be published in English by Chuo University Press in August, 2011. For information on how to order the book, email Professor Ogata at ogata~at~tamacc.chuo-u.ac.jp or see his website.
Diana Leafe Christian publisher of this newsletter, is an ecovillage activist and author who lives at Earthaven Ecovillage in the US.
